Elsőre talán képtelennek tűnik a kérdés :
Okoznak-e élősködők rákot vagy fenét ?
A vérmételyesség avagy a schistosomiasis (bilharzia), különösképpen a Húgyvérmétely (Sz.), a Schistosoma haematobium okozhat hólyagrákot, de más feneségeket is. Inflammation triggered by the worm’s eggs appears to be the mechanism by which squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder is caused.
Ázsiában a japán vérmétely S. japonicum hozható kapcsolatba a vastagbél fenéivel.
Distomiasis, caused by parasitic liver flukes, is associated with cholangiocarcinoma (cancer of the bile duct) in East Asia.
Malaria is associated with Burkitt’s lymphoma in Africa, especially when present in combination with Epstein-Barr virus, although it is unclear whether it is causative.
Parasites are also a significant cause of cancer in animals. Cysticercus fasciolaris, the larval form of the common tapeworm of the cat, Taenia taeniaformis, causes cancer in rats. Spirocerca lupi is associated with esophageal cancer in dogs, at least within the southern United States.
A novel type of case, reported in 2015, involved an immunocompromised man whose tapeworm underwent malignant transformation, causing metastasis of tapeworm cell neoplasia throughout his body. This was not a cancer of his own cells but of the parasite’s. This isolated case has no substantive bearing on public health but is interesting for being „a novel disease mechanism that links infection and cancer.”
Szakirodalom idegen nyelven
Mustacchi P (2000). „Parasites”. In Bast RC, Kufe DW, Pollock RE, Weichselbaum RR, Holland JF, Frei E (eds.). Holland-Frei Cancer Medicine (5th ed.). Hamilton, Ontario: B.C. Decker. ISBN 1-55009-113-1.
Muehlenbachs A, Bhatnagar J, Agudelo CA, Hidron A, Eberhard ML, Mathison BA, Frace MA, Ito A, Metcalfe MG, Rollin DC, Visvesvara GS, Pham CD, Jones TL, Greer PW, Vélez Hoyos A, Olson PD, Diazgranados LR, Zaki SR (November 2015). „Malignant Transformation of Hymenolepis nana in a Human Host”. The New England Journal of Medicine. 373 (19): 1845–52. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1505892. PMID 26535513.
